About Socotra

Let’s delve into the fascinating world of Socotra Island and explore its unique features, rich biodiversity, and cultural heritage.
Socotra, the legendary island in the Indian Ocean, is one of the world’s most enchanting natural destinations.
Socotra is known for its unique biodiversity, home to more than 700 plant and animal species found nowhere else on Earth.

  • Animals and plants
  • Culture and history
  • Climate and weather
  • Aesthetic view and geology

Socotra, the legendary island in the Indian Ocean, is one of the world’s most enchanting natural destinations.

Animals and plants

Socotra is not just an island, but a unique natural world with a rare biodiversity that makes it one of the most important destinations for nature lovers.

Birds: Socotra is a paradise for birdwatchers, with 225 species of birds, including 6 endemic species found nowhere else in the world.

Butterflies and Insects: Socotra is famous for its great diversity of butterflies and insects, hosting 190 species of butterflies and 600 species of insects, with a high percentage of endemic species found only on Socotra.

Reptiles: Socotra is distinguished by its unique reptile diversity, as 19 of the island’s 22 species are endemic.

Marine Life: Socotra is surrounded by a rich and diverse marine environment, including: 730 species of coastal fish 230 species of hard corals (including 5 endemic species) 30 species of soft corals 300 species of crustaceans (including 9 endemic species) 490 species of molluscs

Plants: Socotra is home to more than 800 plant species, 37% of which are endemic, such as the dragon’s blood tree (the island’s most famous plant), the frankincense tree, and the Socotra cucumber tree.

Culture and history

  • Origins of the name: The name Socotra goes back to the Sanskrit word “dvipa-sakhadara,” which means “island of bliss.”
  • Legends: The island appears in many legends. Its inhabitants were formerly Christians, but their religion disappeared in the 17th century.
  • Historical Rulers: Socotra Island was under the rule of the Mahra Sultans in southeastern Yemen, interrupted by Portuguese occupation from 1507 to 1511. British protection was accepted in the 1880s.
  • Recent challenges: Socotra Island faced devastation from cyclones in 2015. The ongoing conflict in Yemen adds pressures affecting the economy.

Climate and weather

  • Moderate climate: Socotra Island has a moderate climate, with temperatures reaching around 25°C at night and 35°C during the day.
  • Seasonal fluctuations:
  • September – October: Warm and windless, ideal for sea activities.
  • November: Intermittent rain and storms.
  • December – January: The “velvet” season with lush foliage, ideal for walking and trekking.
  • February-March: Blooming flowers and calm sea.
  • April-May: Warmer and calmer sea, ideal for private tours.
  • June – August: Strong monsoon winds, dry dust and sand.

Aesthetic view and geology

  • Ancient rocks: Precambrian metamorphic rocks form the base of the island, along with igneous rocks such as granite and andesite.
  • Hagier Mountains: These mountains cut through the island, preserving ancient plants such as the famous “Dragon’s Blood Tree” (Dracaena cinnabari).
  • Tectonic activity: The geological history of Socotra Island includes tectonic uplift, faulting, and separation from the Arabian Peninsula.
  • UNESCO Recognition: In 2008, UNESCO designated Socotra Island as a World Heritage Site due to its distinct plant and animal life.